The following section is from a Merrill Lynch report of the 17th August. The formatting is lost since just the text is copied from a pdf. Screen snapshots of the charts and tables are at the hosted links.
Gold
Overview
We have recently upgraded our forecast and see gold averaging $1,191/oz this
year and $1,350/oz in 2011 (see Global Metals Weekly, 21 June 2010). Our
positive view is heavily influenced by the current macroeconomic environment
and we therefore reinforce our positive outlook on the metal.
We argued back in October 2008 that gold prices would move up to $1500/oz in
three steps (see Global Metals Weekly, 10 August 2010):
? The outburst of the credit crisis in August 2007 marked the start of the first
stage where gold started to reflect the rising risk premia, rising from $650/oz
to about $950/oz.
? The second stage of gold price appreciation, we argued well over a year ago,
would primarily be about USD weakness and lack of confidence in fiat
currencies. We argued that gold could break through $1,200/oz in this
second stage and strengthen against all currency crosses as governments
rushed to debase fiat currencies.
? The third and final stage will be driven, in our view, by a strong cyclical
recovery in energy and commodity prices.
Monetary policy will push gold prices higher
As policy measures help create an upswing in economic activity over the next two
years, cyclical pressures will come back into the system, likely resulting in a lot
more money chasing the same oil barrels or the same gold ounces.
Here is where we continue to see a third stage of gold price appreciation where
gold moves up on the back of higher oil and commodity prices (Chart 90).
Admittedly, chances of a robust upturn in economic activity have diminished, but
continued economic stimulus will ultimately create either growth or inflation.
Simply put, we still believe that more money chasing the same barrels will likely
push oil back up above $100/bbl over the next 18 months. As we expect gold to
maintain its long-run relationship with other commodities, we believe a significant
cyclical rally in oil prices could ultimately push gold to $1,500/oz (Chart 91).
Emerging market consumer demand for gold will surge
As incomes grow across a broad range of emerging economies, we expect
jewellery and coin demand to grow in countries like China and India. Physical
gold demand has been historically dominated by India. But following a series of
policy changes, China’s gold demand has also flourished of late (Chart 92).
Opening an organised gold exchange was one of the earliest steps implemented
by the government. The jewellery sector has also been gradually liberalised. For
a long time, gold hoarding had been prohibited but the removal of jewellery price
controls by China’s authorities will help spur demand.
And of course, the government itself has also been a steady gold buyer, raising
its gold holdings to 1,054 tons in recent years. After the sharp fall following the
financial crisis, global jewellery demand in 1Q10 was up 43% relative to 1Q09
(Chart 93). In our view, this trend is likely to continue going forward as EM
consumers’ purchasing power is spurred by economic growth and FX
appreciation.
EM FX reserves continue to grow and diversify
Perhaps one of the most supportive arguments to own gold comes from foreign
exchange reserves asset allocation in Emerging Markets (Chart 94). What are
foreign exchange reserves exactly? FX reserves typically include foreign currency
deposits, bonds, gold, SDRs and IMF reserve positions held by central banks and
monetary authorities. In recent years foreign exchange reserves have grown
exponentially as many Emerging Economies, led by China, opted to maintain
large trade account surpluses to fuel export-led growth. With a bleaker economic
growth outlook for the US and Europe ahead, it is unlikely that the pace of foreign
exchange reserve accumulation will continue on the back of large EM trade
surpluses. However, substantial capital outflows from developed to emerging
economies could lend support to EM foreign exchange reserve accumulation for a
number of years (Chart 95). Moreover, given the relatively low share of gold in
EM FX reserve portfolios, we believe that diversification into the yellow metal will
likely continue over the next few years.
The importance of central bank gold purchases is also reflected in Table 20,
which shows that EM central banks from India, Sri Lanka and Mauritius have
absorbed almost three-quarters of sales that have emanated under the umbrella
of the Central Bank Gold Agreement.
Gold supply trails the expansion in global nominal GDP
In effect, the increase in the global stock of gold is roughly equivalent to the
increased mined output every year. In 2009 and 2010 we estimate this figure to
be 2,350 and 2,300 tons, or roughly 1.5% of the current global above-ground
stock of gold. With governments around the world loosening up monetary policy
to stimulate the economy, not enough gold is mined out of the ground relative to
other goods in the economy. Because the public finances of the US, Japan,
Britain and the Eurozone are in such dire straits, it is hard to envision how these
countries will return to trend economic growth without robust foreign demand,
suggesting that this dynamic could go on for a while.
http://www.mediafire.com/imgbnc.php/18d7d9...2713afa286g.jpg
http://www.mediafire.com/i/?ue63i48my5d68nq
http://www.mediafire.com/imgbnc.php/b3b5d3...852bd3eb16g.jpg
http://www.mediafire.com/imgbnc.php/e50edb...4372c187a6g.jpg
http://www.mediafire.com/imgbnc.php/328207...dc8ba26fe6g.jpg